Being-with versus Being-in-itself

For the French thinker Jean-Luc Nancy (1940–2021), human existence unfolds in relation to others. This is encapsulated in the expression “being-with”—in contrast to Sartre’s “being-in-itself,” the latter representing an isolated, closed, and self-sufficient view of the human phenomenon. In other words, the core of experience for Nancy is co-existence: we exist in a state of permanent, shared, open, and interdependent relationship with others. Ultimately, the title of Nancy’s most important philosophical work, Being Singular Plural (1996), encapsulates the idea that being is fundamentally communal; consequently, one exists only through the intertwining of relationships with otherness.


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